A logical keyword where both sides of the comparison must be true in order for the statement to be true.
Append
An act that adds items to the end of a list or writes text to the end of a file.
Arithmetic Operator
An operator used to perform basic mathematical operations.
Assignment
An event that takes place when a variable is set to be equal to a string, number, Boolean operator, list, or date.
Boolean Variable
A type of variable with two possible values: true or false. A Boolean variable is often used to determine a course of action within a program.
Comparison Operator
An operator that is used inside Python to compare arguments. Comparison operators include less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to.
Containment Operator
An operator that determines if a value is contained in a set of values.
Dictionary
A list of data that stores values in key-value pairs.
Float Variable
A type of number variable that uses a decimal as part of its storage.
Identity Operator
An operator in Python that is used to determine if two variables share the same memory space.
Immutable
In the context of variables, a type of variable that cannot be changed without redefining the variable.
Index
The position in which an item is in a list or a character is within a set of characters. The first index value is always 0.
Insert
In the context of lists, the act of adding an item to a specified spot within the list.
Integer Variable
A type of variable that stores whole numbers.
List
A variable that stores a collection of items in a defined order.
Logical Operator
An operator that compares two conditions using keywords and, or, or not.
NOT
The logical keyword that takes a condition set by the user and checks for its opposite.
OR
A logical keyword where only one of the two possibilities needs to be true in an argument for the argument to be true.
Remove
In the context of lists, the act of deleting an item from a list.
Set
A list of data that stores unique values of data.
Slicing
A process that extracts characters from a list, word, or phrase.
String Variable
A type of variable in Python that is used to store items and information.
Tuple
A list of data with immutable values.
Variable
A container that stores information that can be used elsewhere in code.
Break Statement
A statement used to exit a loop of code.
Compound Conditional
A type of statement that has two or more conditions separated by logical operators.
Continue Statement
A statement used to skip running the rest of an iteration within a loop.
Elif Statement
A conditional statement that checks to see if a condition is true based on an if statement's condition not being true.
Else Statement
A statement used in conjunction with if and elif statements. An else statement provides an action in case no if or elif conditions are true.
For Loop
A loop that runs a block of code a set number of times.
If Statement
A statement used to check to see if a condition is true, and, if it is, causes a specific action to be performed.
Nested If
An if statement that is placed inside of another if statement.
Nested Loop
A loop that is placed inside of another loop.
Pass Keyword
A keyword that is used as a placeholder for code to be filled in later. The Pass keyword is often used as part of a loop.
While Loop
A loop that runs a block of code so long as a given condition is true.
Append Function
In the context of file management, a built-in function that adds content to an existing file.
Close Function
In the context of file management, a built-in function that closes a file and frees the memory space the file occupies.
Command-Line Argument
A value used to control how a block of code runs via the command line.
Exists Function
In the context of file management, a built-in function that checks to see if a file or folder exists.
Open Function
A built-in function that opens a file, usually for reading purposes.
Read Function
In the context of file management, a built-in function that reads the contents of a file or stream.
Remove Function
In the context of file management, a built-in function that deletes a file from a folder.
string.format
A method used to format strings of text and place variables in precise positions within text.
With Statement
A statement block that supports file operations and automatically closes a file when the block of code is complete.
Write Function
In the context of file management, a built-in function that writes content to a new file or overwrites an existing file.
Call Signature
A line of code that calls a function and, when applicable, provides needed arguments for said function.
Comment
A symbol used to get an interpreter to ignore a line of code. Comments are often used to explain code.
Def Keyword
A keyword used in Python to begin and define a function.
Default Value
A value or item in a function that is set to be constant but can be overridden.
Docstring
Also known as a documentation string, a block of code, surrounded by triple quotation marks, that is used to explain what code is doing.
Indentation
The formatting of code in which a block of code knows which statements are part of that block, such as actions within an if statement.
Pydoc
A feature in Python that acts as a library module. It automatically generates documentation on Python modules or keywords.
Return Keyword
A keyword which defines the end of a function and holds a value to be used outside of the function.
White Space
Empty lines of code found in Python. It can be utilized to make code easier to read.
Assert Test
A type of unit test that compares two values and returns a True or False based on the result of the comparison.
assertEqual
An assert test that determines whether two values are equal to each other.
assertIn
An assert test that determines whether a value is contained in a set of values.
assertIs
An assert test that determines whether two variables share the same memory space.
assertIsInstance
An assert test that determines whether a variable is an instance of a class.
assertTrue
An assert test that determines whether a statement is true.
Class
A framework for a group of objects and methods that help define those objects.
Else
In the context of exception handling, the code block that runs if a Try block succeeds.
Except
In the context of exception handling, the code block that runs if a Try block fails.
Finally Keyword
A block of code that runs regardless of whether a try block was successful.
Function
A block of code that can be called upon multiple times within a program.
Logic Error
A type of error in Python that occurs when an argument, calculation, or flow is set incorrectly.
Method
A function that belongs to a class.
Object
A tangible asset used as a building block for an app.
Raise
A type of keyword that is used to display an error message when an exception occurs.
Runtime Error
An error type that only occurs when an app runs and often results in the app crashing.
Syntax Error
An error in programming code that is caused either by a typo or by trying to use an item incorrectly.
Try
A block of code that attempts to run without any errors being generated.
Unit Test
A test that is done on a small unit of code to see if the code works as intended.
ceil
A math function that returns the next integer up from a decimal number.
choice
A random function that returns one value from a list of values.
Datetime Module
A module that provides functionality for dates, times, and date and time formats.
fabs
A math function that measures the absolute distance from zero and is presented as a floating decimal.
floor
A math function that returns an integer portion of a number.
fmod
A math function that returns the modulus for two numbers and is presented as a floating decimal.
frexp
A math function that returns the mantissa and exponent of a number.
Io Module
A module that provides functionality for file management.
isnan
A math function that checks to see if a value is a number and returns False if it is a number and True if it is not a number.
isqrt
A math function that returns the integer of a square root of a number.
Math Module
A module that provides a means to multiple types of calculations.
nan
An expression that signifies a value is not a number.
now
A date function that returns the current date and time.
Os Module
The operating system (os) module allows the user to perform operating system tasks, such as create a folder.
Os.path
A piece of the os module, the os.path is used to help users to find files and folders on specific paths.
pi
A math function that returns pi (3.14159).
pow
A math function that returns one number raised to the power of another number.
randint
A random function that returns an integer between a starting value and an ending value.
random
A function that returns a random number between 0 and 1.
Random Library
A library that contains many random number and list-related functions.
randrange
A random function that returns a number between a starting value and one less than the ending value.
sample
A random function that returns a set number of values from a list of values.
shuffle
A random function that reorders a list of values randomly.
sqrt
A math function that returns the square root of a number.
strftime
A date function that formats a date and time as a string, with symbols used to manipulate the format of the string.
Sys Module
A module used to import built-in system functions that can be used in Python.
trunc
A math function that returns the next highest positive integer or the next lowest negative integer for a number.
weekday
A date function that returns the weekday number for a date, with 1 being Monday.